Question 2 - Disney

Walter Elias "Walt" Disney was an American business magnate, cartoonist, animator, voice actor and film producer. As a prominent figure within the American animation industry and throughout the world, he is regarded as a cultural icon, known for his influence and contributions to entertainment during the 20th century. As a Hollywood business mogul, he and his brother Roy. O. Disney co-founded The Walt Disney Company.

The Walt Disney Company started in 1923 in the rear of a small office occupied by Holly-Vermont Realty in Los Angeles. It was there that Walt Disney, and his brother Roy, produced a series of short live-action/animated films collectively called the ALICE COMEDIES. The rent was a mere $10 a month. Within four months, the ever-growing staff moved next door to larger facilities, where the sign on the window read "Disney Bros. Studio." A year later, in 1925, the Disney’s made a deposit on a Hyperion Avenue lot in the Silver Lake district of Los Angeles. Construction began on the new studio shortly thereafter. During the next 14 years, many changes took place at the Disney studio: Mickey Mouse was "born" in 1928, followed by Pluto, Goofy, Donald Duck, and the rest of the Disney gang.

In 1937, Disney's innovative first full length animated feature, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, was released to critical acclaim and worldwide success. In order to expand and meet the expectations of his audience, Walt saw a need to increase the size of his studio. With profits from Snow White, he made a deposit on 51 acres of land in Burbank and began designing a modern studio specifically for the purpose of making animated films.

Next to Electric/Plumbing was the Special Effects shop, where the craftspeople created the myriad of unique effects that have come to be associated with Disney films. Flying cars, spaceships, miniature paddle wheelers, and medieval armor that comes to life are just some of the effects produced by this department.

The Paint Shop, which is in another large metal building, does everything from spraying cars and furniture to be used on a movie set, to spraying the set itself.

In the 1950s, as live-action films increasingly played a major role in the success of the studio, so did the inclusion of visual effects. Such memorable films as 20,000 Leagues Under The Sea and Darby O'Gill and the Little People began a tradition of combining complex optical effects with miniatures and matte paintings to create rich fantasy worlds on the screen. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the Process Lab, renamed Photo Effects and then Visual Effects, was home to the distinguished artists and technicians responsible for the effects seen in Mary Poppins, The Absent Minded Professor, Blackbeard's Ghost, Bedknobs and Broomsticks, Pete's Dragom, and Tron.

All charts are ranked by international theatrical box office performance where possible, excluding income derived from home video, broadcasting rights and merchandise. Animated family films have performed consistently well, with Disney films enjoying lucrative re-releases prior to the home video era. Disney also enjoyed later success with its Pixar brand, of which the Toy Story films and Finding Nemo have been the best performers; beyond Pixar animation, the Shrek, Ice Age, Madagascar and Despicable Me series have met with the most success.

Frozen is one of Disney's most successful animated movies produced within the last three years. It has swept across the world, whipping kids into a crystal frenzy, lightening parents’ wallets as of the past weekend (Jan 29 2014) by over $810 million. The Disney picture just surpassed "The Lion King" to become the second most successful original animated feature, and it has "Finding Nemo" in its sights.

"Frozen" still has its China release — a now highly lucrative market —  and with its soundtrack selling in the millions, a “sing-along” version of Frozen was released in selected theaters on January 31 2015 complete with on-screen lyrics and bouncing snowflake.

Early teasers and trailers for "Frozen" didn't feature princesses in tiaras, instead opting for boyish hijinks between snowman Olaf and reindeer Sven, as well as an emphasis on the fvm’s action sequences. It was an interesting gamble, but not without precedent.

Disney pulled the same sleight of hand with "Tangled" in 2010, effectively packing theaters with testosterone-fueled half-pints, who then were subjected to a picture about a very longhaired princess. That still leaves the question, why are even boys coming back for seconds and thirds with "Frozen"?

Every Tuesday morning, Pixar co-founders Ed Catmull and John Lasseter fly down to Walt Disney Co. headquarters in Burbank. The following day, they catch a flight back to their offices in Emeryville, Calif., where Pixar is based. The two execs have been at the helm of Disney’s entire animation division since CEO Bob Iger acquired the smaller animation house for $7.4 billion back in 2006 (a sale that turned the late Steve Jobs, who helped start Pixar, into Disney’s largest shareholder at the time). Lasseter, famous for his colorful shirts, is known as the creative whiz who helped bring iconic movies like Toy Story to life (a new installment in the popular franchise is currently in the making).

Question 2

Research how Ill Manors (2012) was marketed and promoted.

Ill Manors is a British crime drama film written, co-scored and directed by Plan B. The movie revolves around the life of eight characters and features six of Plan B's original songs to encourage the promotion of his album. The movie is set in Forest Gate, east London, where director Plan B grew up. Ill Manors was budgeted for around £100,000 and released on June 6th 2012, box office proceeds reaching approximately £256,000 on its opening weekend, which was 2 and half times the amount, it cost to produce it. Domestically, the film has earned a total gross of £453, 570 after eight weeks at the box office. In order for this thrilling movie to be as successful as it was, it relied extremely on the promotion and marketing campaign from Revolver Entertainment.

Firstly, Plan B made the album Ill Manors originally before the movie, for his fanbase. This meant that he already had strong committed supporters who would most likely go and watch his movie. "Ill Manors" was released as the album's lead single on 25 March 2012. Zane Lowe on BBC Radio 1 premiered the track on 27 February 2012, and the music video was made available on 4 March 2012. The single was officially made available on 25 March 2012. Little teasers were often released for his target audience as a run up for the release of him album. This meant that his fanbase would consistently be interested and entertained. Those that enjoyed the album were intrigued to go and view the movie created around it, and considering his album was number one for a short period of time it supports the assumption of his movie being a hit too. It's very unusual that a CD soundtrack from a rapper could help publicise the film, however it was a massive help to the publicity and advertising strategy - crucial for it to do well.

Secondly, The first film poster advertising the movie was first unveiled by Empire magazine's website on 8 May 2012. Digital Spy then also unveiled two further promotional posters on 18 May and 7 June 2012. There was 8 posters released to advertise Ill Manors, however the most popular one is the one where Riz Ahmed, who plays the drug dealer Aaron, is front and centre on the artwork, which carries the tagline "We are all products of our environment... Some environments are just harder to survive in". This poster encourages people to go and watch the film because it has 6 positive reviews printed symmetrical on each side of the poster. Someone calling it a five star is also evident on the poster which is a key feature that automatically influences someone into going to see the movie. The poster consists of reduced saturation in the colour, which implies that the movie is perhaps dark and mysterious, attracting that kind of audience. Riz Ahmed holding a gun means that this movie could also attract those that are interested in action movies, so this poster attracts many people interested in a variety of film genres.

Furthermore, The trailer for Ill Manors was first aired on The Guardian's website on 3rd May 2012 after the posters, which is the main contributor to the promotion of the movie that attracts an audience. Trailers tell the story of a film in a highly condensed fashion to have maximum appeal. In the decades since film marketing has become a large industry, trailers have become highly polished pieces of advertising, able to present even poor movies in an attractive light. They are typically made up of scenes from the film that they are promoting, which Revolver Entertainment done successfully. This marketing feature coming after the posters was ideal in attracting the audience as it meant they had a general idea of the movie, but were left clueless in the sense of what occurred throughout the 121 minutes of is run time. The film trailer was posted onto YouTube, which would often pop up as an advertisement at the beginning of certain YouTube videos. This would increase the advertisement of the movie as people on this social networking site would unintentionally stumble across the Ill Manors film trailer, and perhaps be eager to go and view it in cinema on it's release date. The film trailer received 736,820 views on YouTube, which isn't many when compared to Skyfall's 9 million and more. 

Moreover, following the poster releases, the premiere took place on 30 May 2012 at the Empire cinema in Leicester Square, London. Several British recording artists such as Alesha Dixon, Alexandra Burke, Professor Green, Tinie Tempah, Wretch 32, Example and Ed Sheeran also attended this screening. These famous celebrities attending this premiere also means that the fanbase of all of these individuals will most likely be aware of the premiere they are attending. This could encourage their fanbases to watch the movie also, not just Plan B's fan base. 

Additionally, Ill Manors has its own website as a helpful resource of advertisement. On the website there's a link to the trailer, a synopsis, stills which are images of characters from the shoot, videos where the audience can meet the cast along with see the footage from Plan B's tour. This is a positive method of advertisement because this film had only £100,000 budget and therefore couldn't stretch to vast amounts of advertisement and promotion.  Another link on the Ill Manors website is the "buy now' which sends the viewer straight to an amazon link of the blu ray dvd and normal dvd. This influences people to buy the movie because it's easily accessible. Links to its Twitter and Facebook account is also found on their website to encourage advertisements. Talking of social media, this encourages the film to make a profit as its Facebook account received 31,615 likes. In the 'about' section on Facebook, it educated the audience on the blu-ray and DVD copy, the debut film and the actors starring. It's Twitter account also encourages film and album purchases, however has only 3,000 followers which isn't many at all. But Ill Manors done itself proud with it's low budget anyhow. 

Finally, Ill Manors was released in US on Sundance Film Festival and shown at the Greater Manchester film festival which are non traditional routes that independent films have to take to create awareness, unlike Skyfall. The film was given a wide release to 191 cinemas in both Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom by Revolver Entertainment on 6 June 2012. Ill Manors was released in the Netherlands on 30 August 2012 by Benelux Film Distributors and was also screened at the Toronto International Film Festival and the Festival do Rio in September 2012. Ill Manors was released on DVD on 8 October 2012 and contains footage that was not broadcasted at the cinemas, which is an extra selling point as those that enjoy the movie will most likely purchase the hard disk to see the film again, along with its new additional scenes.

Question 2

'To be successful films rely on marketing to help them achieve this'

The Fault in Our Stars is the sixth novel by author John Green, published in January 2012. The story is narrated by a sixteen-year-old cancer patient named Hazel Grace Lancaster, who is forced by her parents to attend a support group where she subsequently meets and falls in love with the seventeen-year-old Augustus Waters, an ex-basketball player and amputee. It is a heart warming romance story with hints of comedy that tackle life and death as being bitter sweet. 

Development of The Fault in Our Stars began in January 2012 when Fox 2000, a division of 20th Century Fox, optioned the rights to adapt the novel into a feature film. Principal photography began on August 26, 2013, in Pittsburgh, United States, with a few additional days in Amsterdam, Netherlands, before concluding on October 16, 2013.

The Fault in Our Stars was released on June 6, 2014, in the United States. The film received a positive reception from critics, with praise going to Woodley's performance as well as the script. The film was also a huge box office hit, becoming number one at the box office during its opening weekend and grossed over US$304 million worldwide against its budget of $12 million. It was released on Blu-Ray and DVD on September 16, 2014.

The first trailer was released on January 29, 2014. The trailer had over three million views in fewer than 24 hours, and more than 15 million views in its first seven days. A video clip was shown before the show at the 2014 MTV Movie Awards on April 13, 2014. An extended trailer was released on April 28, 2014, and Fox released more clips via YouTube as part of the film's pre-release promotion. On April 2, 2014, the studio announced the launch of a promotional tour program named "Demand Our Stars", in which Green, Woodley, Elgort, and Wolff would visit the states that got most votes from fans re-blogging their states' map outlines.

Making the fans feel involved is the mission of Twentieth Century Fox’s marketing campaign, which has borrowed the elements that are now standard in the promotion of wildly popular YA-inspired cinema (embracing the book's fans, providing early sneak peeks, hosting cast Q&As) and taken them to an even more social media-obsessed level. The Fault In Our Stars is a very personal book to the millions of people who wept when they read this bittersweet terminal love story, and wept anew every time they reread it. They're protective of the film, and by keeping them intimately updated on its progress, the studio has made them not only feel nurtured and listened to, but also turned them into proselytizers for the major release.

Even though he says, "In general, treating fans as part of the campaign as opposed to the audience for the campaign is the future of how movies will market." Dewey also notes, "I don't know that we'll ever get to this type of level [again.]"

The Fault in Our Stars earned US$124,872,350 in North America and $178,412,919 in other countries for a worldwide total of $303,285,269.

Representation of Sexuality

The clip begins with a two shot of women, both dressed in victorian styled dresses. One is holding an item of clothing against the women opposite her, as she breathes slightly heavily to perhaps portray the sexual tension between these two characters. As the girl shifts behind her, she turns her head slightly but not fully, avoiding intimate eye contact. The woman holding the piece of attire against the other female couldn't take her hands off of her. She held the top of her shoulders a little tighter as they both looked into the mirror (evident through the switching camera shot). A narrator is then heard, beginning with "she looked so beautiful" which could perhaps demonstrate her subtle interest in this woman. As they both look into the mirror, soft non diegetic piano music begins to play which could be heard by the audience as an upsetting tune down to the "miss" having to say all of this in her head (as a narrator) rather than out loud. Having a narrator convey the ladies opinion suggests that what she is saying could never be heard by other ears; only the audience can know. This may lead them onto assuming that her sexuality is a secret. 

This shot slowly fades into one of her at a desk, starring at a book. The camera spins around her gently, always keeping her near the centre to assure that she is continuously the main focus of the shot. It then fades again into a different shot, one of two women in bed together. So far throughout the clip it has established women and their thoughts/feelings, which could mean this is centralised around the sexuality of ladies. 

In this new shot, a woman is peacefully sleeping as the relaxing music in the background continues playing. The soundtrack helps ease the audience into the story as it plays softly and calmly. The other lady in the bed is sitting up, hesitant of placing her hands upon the other woman. She hovers her hand over and down her body instead, admiring it's tranquil state. She's wearing white gloves in bed. This prop could perhaps be a symbol of how she is unable to touch the woman lying next to her, even though she may be struggling to hold back the urge. This shot fades out and again, into a new one. 

The lady from the beginning, who the audience would assume to be the narrator, is sitting outside paiting a picture. She has a large hat on that spreads out from her head with her hair neatly behind her in a plait. This costume and hairstyle conforms to the audiences belief of this clip being set years ago. A cut is used when she looks up, demonstrating what it is she's looking at, and of course that is a lady. She continues her painting of this female, her reaction portrayed through a close up holding a look of determination to master the beauty of what's infront of her.

An establishing shot exposes how there is a smartly dressed man standing close by her surroundings, shortly followed by a pan of him walking behind the woman that's painting and standing over her. This could be seen as male dominance and also represent how men withhold the power. Whilst she has a man close by she will never be able to comfortably admit her sexuality of perhaps being a lesbian. He says in an intimidating tone "she must think we love one another". At this point the themetune increased and continued to rise and fall, paiting a layer of suspense over the atmosphere. Furthermore, enigma code has been included here as the audience are unaware of who it is the man's talking about and why. We find out her name as being "Maud" during this scene aswell.

A couple of cuts between shots conveys the area of the woman that Maud is mainly focusing on. She studies her paintings subject (the sleeping lady) and then a close up shot of the ladies breasts are seen as what it is Maud's looking at. She then studies her hands neatly resting in her lap, Maud's facial expression blank throughout her admiring session. The music spookily becomes tense and horror like, as if something was about to jump out. It may be that the tense music fits the feelings of Maud as she can look at this lady, and continue looking at her, but never be able to touch her, therefore building up tension inside her of not being able to embrace her sexuality. The man looks at Maud confused, as she looks at the ladies face. A few shots quickly changed throughout this as the tense music continued to play, and then a drop of red paint fell onto her dress from her paintbrush. The red paint could resemble her sexuality as ruining her white dress; ruining her purity. She may believe she isn't pure for having sexual desires towards fellow females. More drops fall, this time ruining her painting. Maud is in some sort of daydream. After nearly a full minute she eventually decides to look up at the man and hurridely takes off her apron and attempts to make a run for it. Unfortunately the man holds her mouth shut and forces her in the direction of a tree which is portrayed through a tracking shot. This shot was fast paced and could represent the dominance a man has and how fast a man is able to change a current situation by using strength to his advantage. Enigma code is running high at this point.

Maud being a lesbian is confirmed during this scene. He says "she'd laugh at your face if she knew" but she pleads that he "musn't". The dialogue shared between these two characters is bitter and spiteful. The man is patronising whilst Maud is helpless. Fast paced breaths are taken by Maud as she struggles under his grasp. This sound emphasises her discomfort at being held by a man without permission, but also most likely at how she tries her best to keep her sexuality a secret. He harshly says "appear to love me, marry me". Her not being a heterosexual is considered as a sin in this clip. She has to keep it a secret and lie to make others happy. This could maybe be because she comes from an upper class famility which is supported through her costume and lifestyle so far introduced in the clip. She wears night gowns to bed, elegant and non-sexually provocating dresses and likes to paint beautiful pictures surrounded by fresh green scenery. She perhaps has a reputation to keep at bay. 

Maud says she "can't" marry him, and before anymore dialogue is shared, the subject of the painting has woken up. She interrupts this scene which could be viewed by the audience as her being the reason Maud can't marry the man as she came into shot as soon as Maud admitted this. Maud ignores the lady as she calls her name, clueless of where she has gotten to. The sound of the wind is exaggerated and clearly heard here, whilst the man slowly leans down to kiss Maud. She swerves her head, and so the man bends down (shown through a tilt shot) and pulls out her hand, gently removes part of her gloves to expose more of her palm and licks it, kisses it and breathes heavily whilst doing so. This is not the kind of aspect of a woman's body that you'd think would lead a man to become attracted to so intensely that he breathes in a way someone would whilst sharing a passionate kiss. It's strange and creates discomfort for an audience. A few quick shots of Maud's facial expression and the man's kiss are exchanged as the soundtrack evolves into the sound of slicing knives; this is not an appropriate of pleasant atmosphere for the female. 

The sound of knives eases and a fade shot is then used yet again leading onto another scene. The camera is behind a different woman as she strips from her clothes, the lightig in the room dimly lit as the fire goes crackling away. It's quite a romantic atmosphere. A cut is used to establish the next shot of Maud tilting her head up slowly and of course admiring this woman's bare back. A close up shot is then inserted of Maud's facial expression of holding back. She has her hand by her mouth holding some sort of cloth as she scratches away at it. It's evident that she's struggling with her situation and could perhaps leave the audience feeling pity towards her not being able to openly accept her sexuality and live life as a lesbian.

Representation of Ethnicity - Hotel Babylon

Ethnicity is represented in Hotel Babylon by many aspects such as dialect/accent, charisma and skin colour There are separate scenes throughout this 4 minute and 22 second clip, all in which portray a different ethnicity.

The clip begins with a jolly black man dressed in formal attire being helpful towards people at a swimming pool (he clearly works there). 

He stumbles across someone who climbs out of the pool to greet him with loud dialogue. The audience find out this jolly man's name to be "Benjamin Truman" along with this loud man being called "Tel" short for Terry. 

Terry uses words such as "bro", "blud" and "man" which are all stereotypically associated with black people and how they communicate. Shot reverse shot is used to portray their conversation, also portraying both of their costume. Benjamin is looking "slick" in a suit whilst Terry is topless with a chain around his neck and a large silver earring in one ear. He also has dreadlocks tied back; these are all elements of costume and hairstyle that portray his cultural background. 

Terry. 

Benjamin.

Terry is dismissive towards having a party that the other guy is eager for, he's more relaxed, laid back and formal whereas Terry is outgoing, confident and bubbly. Benjamin also speaks in a more sophisticated and formal manner compared to Terry who uses slang terms and shortened words. This separates the two of them as black men because Terry is the more stereotypical black man who's care free where as Benjamin takes himself a bit more seriously. 

Benjamin hesitantly agrees to the party and Terry says "That's the old Benjamin right there man" as the camera zooms in to Ben's face. This could represent how the audience need to study his facial expression towards Terry's comment as there's something perhaps bad about the "old Benjamin".

Throughout this whole clip already a mysterious tune has been playing in the background. Just a repetitive tune with slight raised notes at certain points in the soundtrack. It makes the audience question the scenes that are happening.

A simple cut is used to introduce the next scene. The music continues but becomes a lot more sneaky and the type of music you'd hear on a film where a mission is taking place. A tracking shot is used to follow the movement of two females dressed in white collared formal dresses in ownership of two trolleys containing cleaning products. The older woman verbally introduces the younger lady to a door pass that lets them enter the room with the man on the other side of the door. 

She has a French accent which supports her ethnicity as being European. As they enter the room, the sound of the music increases and a cut is used to instantly show the audience what they're seeing; an asian man sat promptly on his bed looking excited. 

A two shot of the ladies followed by a close up shot of the money on the table automatically makes the audience assume the situation occuring here. 

So far the scene has been tense and mysterious, but is quickly exchanged for a humerous one when the man plays the song "Lady Marmalade" by All Saints. It's not everyday you expect a fully grown asian man to play a song of this style. The two women begin to strip from their maid outfits as the man sits there eagerly anticipating the view. Close ups of his reactions are used to aware the audience of his excitement.

 Ethnicity is perhaps shown here to be a negative because these two women will perform naughty antics for a man that is willing to pay them. They could both perhaps be on a low paid job and therefore willing to expose themselves to men for money. The younger woman unfortunately can't do it and runs out of the room. She too has an accent which is different to the French lady's, demonstrating how she has never done something like this before.

Another cut is used to display the next scene, the previous tense mission like music playing in the background as Lady Marmalade cuts off. Another asian woman come into play with two toilet rolls in her hand. She speaks in a clear English accent which separates her ethnicity from her physical appearance. A tracking shot is used to follow her movements as she communicates with someone through a toilet door. 

So far this clip has introduced pretty much all of the workers at Hotel Babylon. They're all of different ethnicities and come from different backgrounds so this show evidently explores a variety of different races. The audience are next introduced to a white man and woman both dressed in formal and glam clothing with clear posh accents as the communicate. 

The two of these characters enter the kitchen of the Hotel, both with confident posture. A variety of different shots are used to confirm the busy atmosphere in the kitchen. The lady approaches an Italian man who welcomes "Madamme" with a cheerful tone and enthusiastic smile. 

This character is very over the top with his charisma and slightly loud compared to the white English man that he pretends to be friends with.

 The italian does that traditional "bellissima" with his fingers and lips which all round conveys his Italian roots. 

Unfortunately, when the two posh white people exit the scene he insults the English man by calling him an "English pleb!". He's actually rude and inconsiderate; this demonstrates the conflict shared between two people of different ethnicity's.

The clip finishes with the asian woman from the toilet roll scene spying on the Asian man's door, where she notices the French lady exiting his room. During the duration of this clip the French lady has been in his room all of this time, working hard to earn as much money as possible.

Overall, a range of ethnicity's were portrayed in this clip. A variety of stereotypes stood out along with a few things that wouldn't normally be associated with an enthic region e.g. French women being sexually provocative for money.

Essay Answer to Question 2

Question 2

"Audiences are changing the way they want to consume." In the following essay, I will be discussing the ways in which audiences preferrences are changing, in that the ways in which they are currently consuming films, in comparison to the ways they have done so historically. 

Films are being consumed by viewers all over the world through many different ways and formats.

Firstly, I consume films through the cinema, DVD's and online streaming. Distributing companies control which films are shown in a cinema, and not every film makes it so those are more likely to be less successful. Most films that are shown in a cinema however are successful most of the time when they are then brought out on DVD. I only visit the cinema when there is a movie on that appeals to me and then I tend to watch it online when it is out on DVD instead of actually buying the hard copy. 

Watching Blue Ray DVD's means that films are shown in a much higher quality which attracts more of an audience than average DVD's can. I would say that the current trend of watching a film would have to be online because it is free, and on Netflix because it's cheaper to pay monthly and watch a variety of TV shos and movies instead of buying every disk separately. Those who do not have much money will most likely not visit the cinema because of the high charge and may therefore not be interested in buying the DVD. This will of course decrease profits made from the consuming process being extemely difficult for some people.

Marketing is a key aspect when a company wants to advertise their product as without it, an audience would never be aware of a film they may perhaps want to go and see. Production companies spend thousands and sometimes millions of money on producing a film and advertising it and therefore aim to earn a much higher profit on their movie when it is brought out in cinema's and on DVD etc.

As there is such a variety of ways now that someone can view a film, it means that less people buy DVD's because of sites like Netflix, Putlocker and Megashare which are free/cheap. However, DVD's are practical and can be taken round a friends house to watch on big screenw hich is a much comfortable way to consume a movie than through a small computer screen. So DVD sales are always balanced even if less people are buying them now.

Cinema's may be expensive, but they are practical when perhaps a group of friends want to go out with eachother and spend the day together. There will always be people that want to do this so the cinema sales will rarely ever decrease. Also, mothers regularly take their children to see a new animated movie in the cinema, and women will always be having children so these kind of sales will never decrease either.

Production companies are in charge of how they are going to produce the film along with what type of audiences they are going to attract as this is important for a movie to be successful because if they cannot attract their targer audience then they have spent months/years on producing a pointless movie. The production companies can tell if their target audience has been attracted through ticket sales in a cinema, DVD sales and online downloads/streaming.

Online downloads however, can have a negative effect, especially when it is being done illegally. This means that a company's film if being viewed for free, so that the company is making no profit. Companies need to continue making profit in order to remain successful, so illegal downloads need to be stopped and traded for bought DVD's and bought cinema tickets. If someone buys a DVD in the post they would most likely have had to have paid for it to be delivered. These kind of things continuously keep extra money rolling in, so not only is the film company earning money for the DVD but also extra money for postage on top of that.

Considering that the cinema is alread exreemely expensive, if it was to increase in price I believe that they would start to receive an extreme lack in sales because now'a days the price of things is extremely important because not everyone can afford to take their families to the cinema, they may only be able to purchase a DVD when it's released on disk.

For those that own a sky or virgin box, they are able to access a wider variety of film channels instead of those who can only access freeview or have just five channels. This means that those who can afford sky/virgin boxes they're the ones who will watch more things than those who do not own one. Everything comes down to money. I can only access a few movie programmes on my television such as Film4, Movies4Men and MovieMix because I have freeview. The only decent films for me are shown on Film4 so in my opinion I only really have one way of consuming a movie on telly. This also means that I have to actually purchase a DVD if I want to see it or watch it online. People like me increase the profit sales immensely.